5 Things You Need to Know About Rhinitis

1. Understanding Rhinitis

The release of histamine or leukotrienes by the body causes the nose, eyes and throat to become swollen, itchy, watery and runny. This is called rhinitis. There are two forms, allergic and non-allergic. Allergic rhinitis is caused by allergens in the air and can be seasonal or year round. If one family member is allergic to a certain irritant, then other family members are prone to have the same allergy. Non-allergic rhinitis is year round, but harder to pinpoint. Patients have nasal congestion and a runny nose, but they aren't triggered by allergies.

2. Also Known as Hay Fever

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is caused by pollen from trees, weeds, molds and grass. This is called hay fever and its symptoms are prevalent in the late spring, summer months and early fall. Animal dander, dust mites and indoor mold cause perennial allergic rhinitis. Smoke, odors, temperature, infection, stress and hormone changes trigger non-allergic rhinitis. It can also be caused by medications like nasal decongestant sprays, oral contraceptives and certain blood pressure medications.

3. Symptoms

Similar symptoms are present for both forms of this condition. Sneezing, stuffy or runny nose, itchy throat, eyes and ears that persists, all indicate allergic rhinitis. Watery eyes, headaches and tiredness are other symptoms. Mucus in the throat and a stuffy, runny nose signal non-allergic rhinitis. Extreme inflammation in the nose leads to polyps for sufferers of non-allergic rhinitis. These growths are on the nasal membrane. Other issues include middle ear infections and chronic sinusitis.

4. Take Your Best Shot

To diagnose your rhinitis, the doctor does blood tests and skin tests to determine your triggers. The allergen is placed on your skin to see if you are allergic to it. A raised bump appears to show an allergic reaction. Blood tests measure the amount of immunoglobin E antibodies in your bloodstream. The blood is tested against allergens. Once you know what causes the congestion, you can take steps to avoid those irritants.

5. Clean Air, Clean Living

Use an air filter at home and the air conditioner while in the car for seasonal allergic rhinitis. If needed, your doctor prescribes oral or inhaled medications such as saline nasal sprays, nasal corticosteroid sprays, antihistamine pills and decongestant pills. Allergy shots are an alternative if medications do not work. The doctor or allergist injects you with the irritant in an attempt to build up your tolerance or immunity. Adhere to your doctor's plan for treatment.