The colon, also known as the large intestine, is generally about 5 feet long in adults. The colon is one of the last sections of the digestive tract and is formed during the first three months of embryonic development, the National Institute of Digestive and Diabetes and Kidney Disorders says. A "healthy" colon is one that is functioning properly and doesn't have any tissue damage.
Colon Function
Very few nutrients are absorbed by the colon, the University of Southern California says, because most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestines. The colon is important for absorbing water, however, and the amount of water that it absorbs influences the consistency of the stool. Diarrhea can be the result of the colon not absorbing enough water for the fecal material. Conversely, if feces stay in the colon for too long, they can become dried out and defecation can become impaired. The colon also absorbs a small amount of salt.
Colon Diseases
Like most of the digestive tract, the colon is susceptible to infection from bacteria and other parasites. Auto-immune conditions, in which the immune system attacks the healthy tissue of the colon, cause inflammation and cellular damage. Two auto-immune conditions that can affect the colon are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the Merck Manual says. The colon can also become blocked due to something getting caught inside or as a result of the colon twisting.
Nutrients and the Colon
One of the most important nutrients for the colon is fiber. Fiber helps add bulk to the fecal material, which can help prevent constipation. Soluble fiber, which can be found in oat bran and some fruits and vegetables, can also slow the digestion of carbohydrates and fats. The Harvard School of Public Health recommends that you consume at least 20g fiber each day. Also important are probiotics, which are bacteria that naturally leave in your intestines. These healthy bacteria can help you break down food and can also prevent colon infections by crowding out infectious bacteria.
Colon Cleansing
Some people do periodic colon cleanses to keep their colon healthy. Supporters of colon cleanses say this removes toxins from the colon and boosts your immune system. According to MayoClinic.com, there is little evidence to refute or support the benefits of colon cleansing. If not done properly, colon cleanses can be dangerous because they can cause dehydration and changes in your electrolyte levels.
