Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and tender points on the body. People with fibromyalgia also experience fatigue, sleep interruptions, memory lapses and changes in mood. MayoClinic.com notes that researchers believe that fibromyalgia is caused by abnormalities in the way your brain processes pain signals. Supplements called 5-hydroxytryptophan, or 5-HTP, may increase the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain and reduce the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Physiology
Your body naturally converts the essential amino acid tryptophan into the chemical 5-HTP. After tryptophan is converted into 5-HTP, the 5-HTP is converted into serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and control behavior. Researchers believe that supplementing with 5-HTP can help increase the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can have a positive effect on the pain, depressed mood and sleep problems associated with fibromyalgia, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Evidence
Three separate studies published in various medical journals, including the "Journal of International Medical Research," the "Alternative Medicine Review" and "Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology," found that 5-HTP supplements were just as effective in reducing fibromyalgia symptoms as antidepressants, which are a common treatment for the disorder. Those taking 5-HTP supplements experienced a reduction in pain, morning stiffness and anxiety and an increase in energy levels. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that the treatment was not successful for all study participants, so conclusive statements cannot be made at this time.
Dosage
The general recommendation for 5-HTP dosage is 50 mg taken one to three times per day. This dosage recommendation applies to adults only. Children should not be given 5-HTP supplements. Because of its potential for toxicity, 5-HTP dosage should not be increased without consent from your doctor.
Side Effects and Warnings
Most people can tolerate low doses of 5-HTP without experiencing any symptoms. When side effects do occur, they are usually mild and may include nausea, heartburn, indigestion and gas.
People with liver disease and high blood pressure should not take 5-HTP. Pregnant or nursing women should always discuss any type of supplementation with their doctor. Taking 5-HTP supplements in conjunction with antidepressants may lead to a dangerous condition called serotonin syndrome, in which serotonin levels increase significantly. If you are on medications to treat Parkinson's disease or chronic migraines, 5-HTP supplementation may not be right for you.
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