Lycopene is a carotenoid that provides the red pigment to some fruits and vegetables and acts as an antioxidant. It is present in human skin, liver, adrenal glands, prostate, colon, serum and lungs. Lycopene is available naturally in some plants foods and can also be purchased as a supplement.
Benefits
Observational, case-control and clinical studies show mixed results in regards to the protective role of lycopene against several types of cancer, including prostate, lung, stomach, breast, mouth, colon and rectum. Proponents of lycopene also suggest beneficial effects against macular degenerative disease, heart disease, atherosclerosis, exercised-induced asthma and inflammation. Both the American Cancer Society and MayoClinic.com suggest benefits seen in studies may be due to other nutrients provided by lycopene-rich foods like tomatoes, including folate, vitamin C and potassium.
Food Sources
Tomatoes are the best source of lycopene. The American Cancer Society reports that serum levels increase the most when tomatoes have been cooked, suggesting lycopene from cooked products, such as tomato sauces, may be absorbed more readily than from raw tomatoes. Lycopene also provides the pigment for watermelon, guava, apricots, papaya and pink grapefruit.
Suggested Intake
There is no proven effective dose of lycopene or lycopene-rich foods. The American Cancer Society suggests consuming a diet from a variety of plant foods including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, beans and whole grains to ensure a healthful balance of nutrients. Lycopene obtained from fruits and vegetables have no known side effects.
Supplements
The Archives of Internal Medicine reported in 2005 that, due to increased reports of the benefits, lycopene has been added to more mainstream multivitamins. There have been no reports of serious side effects from synthetic forms of lycopene, and is believed to be generally safe for healthy individuals. Some patients, however, have reported mild gastrointestinal discomfort. The American Cancer Society reports taking antioxidant supplements may interfere with cancer treatment. Be sure to speak with your health care provider before beginning any dietary supplement.
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