Arnica, or Arnica montana, is a type of plant that has been used as an herbal remedy since the 1500s and is still commonly used today. Arnica grows in the northern part of the United States, Europe, Canada and eastern Asia. The Arnica plant contains yellow-orange flowers that resemble daisies. These flowers are used fresh or dried in herbal preparations.
Uses
Arnica is commercially available as a cream or ointment. These preparations are applied topically and should not be consumed internally.
Arnica creams and ointments are commonly used to treat bruises, sprains and muscle aches and to promote wound healing. Arnica is also used to reduce the inflammation associated with insect bites and rashes and swelling caused by arthritis or fractures. Arnica is also used as an ingredient in hair conditioners, perfumes, cosmetics and dandruff shampoos.
Although arnica is commonly used for a wide variety of purposes, the American Cancer Society notes that no available scientific evidence exists to support any of the claims about the effectiveness of arnica.
Dosage
Arnica ointments usually contain approximately 15 percent arnica oil, according to the American Cancer Society. Health care providers have not been able to agree on the proper dosage for topical arnica, so no general dosage recommendations can be made. Evidence from clinical trials is also lacking, so there is no sufficient support to determine a dosage for therapeutic use of arnica.
Side Effects
The short-term use of arnica is generally considered safe. Prolonged topical application of arnica may cause itching, severe inflammation, blisters, skin ulcers and rash. Extended use of arnica can also lead to the development of chronic skin conditions, such as eczema. You should not apply arnica ointment to open wounds, as it may increase the risk of infection.
Warnings
Arnica is considered poisonous when swallowed. Ingestion of arnica can lead to cardiac arrest and death. Arnica may cause uterine stimulation, so pregnant women should not use arnica.
People who are allergic to any flowers in the Asteracae plant family, such as sunflowers, echinacea, chamomile, marigolds or ragweed, may also be allergic to arnica and should avoid using it. Signs of an allergic reaction to arnica may include hives, shortness of breath, runny nose, itchy skin and shock. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
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