Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD. It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most often affects the lower part of the small intestine. Swelling in the intestine can cause pain, diarrhea and poor absorption of nutrients. Symptoms vary from person to person, but can also include fever, rectal bleeding, loss in appetite, weight loss and fatigue. Blood tests and imaging studies are used to diagnose Crohn's disease. Treatment often involves drug therapy, such as anti-inflammatory agents, immune system suppressants or antibiotics. Some people require surgical intervention.
Diet
While certain foods may increase inflammation of the digestive tract, research suggests that it isn't the main cause of the inflammatory process in IBD. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, there is no special diet to treat or prevent Crohn's disease. However, it's possible to avoid foods that seem to worsen your symptoms. Since poor nutrient absorption is a concern, persons with Crohn's disease should follow a balanced diet, obtaining nutrients from all food groups. Your physician may recommend vitamin and mineral supplements, such as iron, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. Drink plenty of water in small amounts throughout the day to remain hydrated.
Keep a Food Journal
Keeping a food journal can help you determine if you consume adequate calories, protein and other nutrients. A registered dietitian can review your diet and make suggestions for improvement if necessary. A food journal can also help you determine if there is a pattern to any foods that may aggravate your symptoms. Some individuals with IBD cannot tolerate high-fat or high-fiber foods. If you also have lactose intolerance, the symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain and gas may decrease by reducing or eliminating dairy products.
Eat Smaller Portions During Flare-ups
During flare-ups, the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of American recommends eating smaller, more frequent meals every three to four hours. Incomplete fat digestion can cause diarrhea and gas. Therefore, reduce greasy foods, such as butter, margarine or cream sauces. High-fiber foods may also cause cramping or diarrhea. If your doctor feels bowel rest is necessary, she may order nutrition therapy through a feeding tube or intravenously, through an IV. Some people may not tolerate citrus fruits, spicy foods, or popcorn. Keep in mind that alcohol and caffeinated beverages stimulate the intestine and may make diarrhea worse.
Low-fiber, Low-residue
A low-fiber, low-residue diet is recommended for people with Crohn's disease who have a stricture, a narrowing of the lower small intestine. This diet limits foods that can add residue to the stool, such as raw fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts and corn hulls. Your dietitian can assist you in coming up with meal plans when you require this type of diet. The diet is only followed until the inflammation is corrected by drug therapy or surgical intervention.
