Steroids are a very large class of lipids that contain a structure of four fused carbon rings known as a sterane. The term "steroid" usually refers specifically to anabolic steroids which are chemically similar to testosterone. These compounds are commonly used to enhance athletic performance and are also used for a variety of medical conditions.
Athletic Performance
Anabolic steroids can significantly increase muscle mass, especially in men. They increase the growth of existing muscle tissue and also promote the growth of new muscle fibers. Anabolic steroids typically increase body weight by up to 10 pounds within 10 weeks. They also increase strength and endurance.
Medical Uses
A doctor will frequently prescribe anabolic steroids to assist a patient in gaining weight. This may be necessary after a prolonged hospital stay due to injury or illness. Anabolic steroids may also benefit patients suffering from a variety of medical conditions. These include some types of anemia and angiodema, which causes swelling in the extremities. Some less common therapeutic uses of anabolic steroids include some blood clotting diseases and Turner's syndrome.
Side Effects in Men
Anabolic steroids can cause a variety of side effects that are specific to men, according to age. Sexually immature males commonly experience acne, unusual hair growth, enlargement of the penis and more frequent erections. Anabolic steroids may cause the skin to darken in rare cases. Sexually mature males frequently experience breast soreness and breast growth (gynecomastia) when using anabolic steroids. Other common side effects in mature males include a more frequent urge to urinate and more frequent erections. Anabolic steroids may also cause older males to experience a decrease in sexual ability, more frequent urination or difficulty in urinating.
Side Effects for Both Genders
Anabolic steroids can also cause a variety of symptoms for both genders. General side effects of steroid use include headaches, fever, nausea and vomiting. Side effects that are more specific to steroid use include yellowing of the eyes and skin, darker urine, swelling in the extremities, bad breath and changes in sexual desire.
