High cholesterol is a major risk factor in the development of heart disease and other cardiovascular complications. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is a particular type of cholesterol that has been implicated in elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to lifestyle modifications, many patients are required to take prescription medications in the drug class known as statins to reduce LDL cholesterol.
Low-Density Lipoprotein
LDL is often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol. Although the body contains different types of cholesterol, reducing LDL cholesterol is a primary goal in reducing cardiovascular risk. Following the analysis of a blood sample supplied by the patient, lipid panel results show the amount of LDL as well as other types of cholesterol that are found in the blood.
LDL Cholesterol and Heart Disease
LDL cholesterol consists of lipid molecules that can form plaques and clots inside arterial blood vessels. The formation of clots is a complex process that may involve platelets and vascular injury from chronic exposure to high blood pressure. According to the National Institutes of Health, the optimal level of LDL cholesterol is below 100mg/dL.
Statin Drugs
Medications in the drug class known as statins have been shown to be the most effective pharmacological means of lowering LDL cholesterol. These medications include popular drugs such as simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin and fluvastatin. Statin medications are also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, since they inhibit an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.
Significance
Although lifestyle modifications such as a low-fat diet, weight loss and exercise are important ways of controlling cholesterol levels, many patients will require the use of statin medications to reach optimal lipid goals. Since these drugs can have adverse side effects and interactions with food and other medications, patients should consult a physician prior to use.
