In diabetes, the pancreas does not produce sufficient amounts of insulin, or the body is resistant to it. As insulin helps remove glucose from the bloodstream, diabetics who are not under treatment cannot easily get rid of the excess glucose. When the glucose levels peak, glucose is excreted in the urine. Insulin injections or dieting can help remove the excess glucose from the bloodstream. Excess insulin can give rise to dangerously low glucose levels. At this point, sugar intake is crucial.
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different kinds of diabetes with similar effects on metabolism. In type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, autoimmune processes destroy the pancreas and prevent it from secreting insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body has become resistant to insulin. Insulin may no longer be able to bind properly to the insulin receptors on the liver, or insulin binds but the receptor doesn't transfer the signal to the body's cells.
Diabetes Treatments
While type 2 diabetes usually can be controlled via dietary restrictions, type 1 diabetes normally requires insulin treatment. Insulin can be given as injections or nasally. Insulin treatments help remove blood sugar from the bloodstream. However, if too much insulin enters the bloodstream, the glucose levels take a rapid dip. If the pancreas is affected, the pancreas may not secrete the hormone glucagon. Glucagon signals that it is time to break down stored sugar and fat to avoid an extreme lowering of the blood sugar. When glucagon production is limited, this can lead to hypoglycemia, a condition that can lead to nervousness, confusion and weakness in early stages. In later stages, it can lead to a loss of consciousness, coma and even death.
Treating Hypoglycemia
Sugar drinks or sugar foods can treat mild cases of hypoglycemia. If a diabetic has already become unconscious, it is a very serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Diabetics often carry glucose gels on them that can be used as an emergency treatment of hypoglycemia. If the person is unconscious, rubbing the inside of their cheeks with glucose gel can prevent serious damage to their nervous system.
Prevention
Hypoglycemia is a severe condition but it can be prevented. Diabetics should take insulin only in recommended doses. Even individuals with type 1 diabetes should follow a strict diet that does not lead to extreme fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Sports activities can also cause hypoglycemia. During exercise glucose levels drop rapidly. If glucogon does not function properly, exercise may result in hypoglycemia. To prevent it, it is important to eat properly before exercise.
