Calf cramps, also called charley horses, are involuntary contractions of the muscles in the lower leg. Calf cramps can affect anyone at any time, although the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons explains that some people are more susceptible to frequent cramps and cramps associated with physical activity, such as playing tennis. The pain of calf cramps may be severe, last several minutes and interfere with activity.
Causes
The exact cause of calf cramps from tennis is not known, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, but muscle fatigue and insufficient stretching likely play a role in their development. Playing tennis in intense heat, dehydration and poor overall fitness level may also contribute to calf cramps.
Prevention
Always warm up before playing tennis by walking or running in place for several minutes to improve blood flow to your muscles and prevent cramping. Drink plenty of fluids before, during and after strenuous exercise, and improve your overall fitness level by engaging in regular exercise. Avoid playing tennis in extreme temperatures whenever possible.
Treatment
Stop playing tennis immediately if you develop a calf cramp. Gently rub and stretch the affected muscle, and hold it in a stretched position until the cramp subsides. If your muscle cramp returns or does not ease up with stretching, apply heat to the muscle for 15 or 20 minutes. Cold compresses can ease soreness following calf cramps, and drinking a rehydration solution will speed recovery from cramps triggered by dehydration. An over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can relieve inflammation and reduce discomfort, according to the National Institutes of Health.
Considerations
Although most cases of muscle cramps from tennis are innocent, they may rarely indicate the presence of a potentially serious underlying condition. If your cramps happen frequently or do not appear related to obvious causes, such as dehydration or bursts of intense activity, visit your doctor to rule out more serious causes. Problems with circulation or metabolism; certain medications and nutritional deficiencies; and some medical conditions, including Lou Gehrig's disease, thyroid disease and hardening of the arteries, can all cause muscle cramps.
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