Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a condition in which motor neurons in the brain degenerate, causing loss of muscle function throughout the body. While exercise is not always possible in advanced stages, assisted workouts can be beneficial for ALS patients in the earlier phases of the disease. Understanding the goals and limitations of exercise allows you to better determine how much you should exercise for optimal health benefits.
Types
Stretching, aerobics and muscle-strengthening workouts are the three basic forms of exercise needed for optimal fitness. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, low-impact aerobic workouts like walking or use of a stationary bike can help maintain muscle strength, fight depression and improve heart health in ALS patients. Stretching exercises may also reduce or prevent painful muscle spasms that sometimes occur in ALS. Assisted water aerobics, simple stretches and gentle weight-bearing exercise are examples of workouts that may be suitable for ALS sufferers.
Benefits
Physical activity is essential for health and fitness. The Muscular Dystrophy Association states that exercise can improve quality of life in ALS patients by reducing stress, aiding in relaxation and prolonging mobility by preventing muscle atrophy. Regular exercise also improves circulation and heart function, which helps prevent conditions like heart disease and diabetes. In addition, exercise boosts levels of neurotransmitters and endorphins in the brain, which can have a positive impact on mood and well-being in ALS patients.
Risks and Limitations
Exercise has not been shown to slow or halt the progression of ALS. To date, there is no known cure for the disease. Done improperly, exercise can lead to injury due to poor muscle control and lack of coordination. Muscle strains, sprains and bone or joint injuries can occur as a result of falls or other exercise-related injuries. Over-exertion may aggravate fatigue and pain in some ALS patients, while attempting to exercise without assistance can lead to severe injury.
Prevention/Solution
Before attempting an exercise program, talk to your physical therapist or ALS specialist about which types of exercise are appropriate. To prevent serious injury, the Muscular Dystrophy Association advises exercising only under the supervision of your ALS treatment team. An occupational therapist may be able to suggest helpful exercise devices like ramps and walkers that can help conserve energy and maintain mobility longer.
