According to the Mayo Clinic, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the newest class of drugs used to treat depression (antidepressants). SSRIs block the reuptake (absorption) of serotonin in the brain which elevates mood. SSRIs are referred to as "selective" due to the fact that they act only on serotonin and not on the other chemicals in the brain. SSRIs include medications such as Fluoxetine (Prozac), Citalopram (Celexa), Paroxetine (Paxil) and Sertraline (Zoloft). All medications must be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor and any side effects immediately reported.
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of SSRIs are headache, nausea, difficulty sleeping, nervousness, weight gain, dry mouth, rash or agitation. SSRIs can also cause sexual dysfunction, including reduced desire for sex or difficulty achieving orgasm.
Serious Side Effects: Serotonin Syndrome
Serotonin syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect that occurs when there are dangerously high levels of serotonin in the brain. This can happen when you take monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), pain relief medication like Ultram, migraine medication like Imitrex, or supplements such as St. John's Wort while also on an SSRI medication. Symptoms include confusion, fevers, seizures, coma, hallucinations, restlessness, extreme agitation, blood pressure fluctuation, nausea, vomiting and increased heart rate. Contact a doctor immediately if you are experiencing these side effects.
FDA Warning: "Black Box" Label
The FDA notes that antidepressants may be associated with increased depression or suicidal thoughts or behavior in children, adolescents, and those ages 18 to 24. This usually happens within the first two months of treatment, but can happen at any point during treatment. Contact your doctor if you have any suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
Contraindications
Do not take Paxil if you are pregnant. According to Mayo Clinic, Paxil increases the risk of birth defects in the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women should consult with their doctors about other medication and treatment options for depression. The FDA cautions that babies of mothers who took SSRIs while pregnant might be at increased risk for abnormally high blood pressure in the lungs, a rare and serious problem. Additionally, while taking SSRIs, using aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) or anticoagulants (like Coumadin) can lead to increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
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