Sodium is an electrolyte the body needs to help to regulate fluid levels in the body, regulate blood pressure and help muscles and nerves to work correctly. A normal sodium level falls between 135 and 145 mEq per liter, according to MedlinePlus. Hyponatremia is a when sodium levels in the body drop below normal limits. The condition may cause nausea, vomiting, confusion, fatigue, headache and irritability. Possible causes for hyponatremia include changes in diet, medications, kidney problems and trauma to the body, such as burns.
Fluid Intake
Restricting fluid intake may help treat hyponatremia. If the sodium levels in the body are low because of an unequal ratio of fluid volume to sodium in the body, restricting the amount of fluid a person drinks may help to improve the condition. Drinking water in moderate amounts may decrease the risk of developing hyponatremia. Athletes who lose fluid and electrolytes through sweating should drink the same amount of fluid they lose when sweating, which is typically about a liter per hour of extreme exercise, according to the Mayo Clinic website. Drinking too much fluid after physical activity may dilute blood sodium levels.
Salt Intake
Adjusting dietary salt intake may cause changes in sodium levels in the body. Individuals who suffer from medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure or kidney failure, may experience hyponatremia because the body does not excrete excessive amounts of fluid from the body efficiently. Depending on the specific medical condition, an increase or a decrease in sodium intake may help to treat abnormal sodium levels. A doctor will advise as to the appropriate amount of sodium a person should include for the specific condition.
Electrolyte Replacement Drinks
When a person experiences diarrhea, vomiting or excessive sweating, the body may lose vital amounts of sodium-rich fluid. Replacing only the fluid by drinking water may cause a decreased amount of sodium in the body because it may dilute the amount of remaining sodium. Replacing lost fluids with an electrolyte replacement drink, such as a sports drink or a pediatric drink, may reduce the possibility of developing hyponatremia. These drinks are the most important when participating in demanding activities, such as sports or working outdoors in heat, or when suffering from diarrhea or vomiting.
Diuretic Beverages
Some beverages may increase the likelihood of developing hyponatremia because of the diuretic effect they have on the liver. These drinks may cause increased amounts of fluid to leave the body and reduce the level of sodium in the body. Common beverages with diuretic effects include caffeinated drinks, chocolate milk and soda. Eliminating diuretic beverages may help to improve hyponatremia.
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