Fish oil capsules are a source of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, lacking in many modern diets. Varieties of fish oil capsules are processed differently and may contain varying amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Other ingredients may be added to supplement the fish oil and they may have special coatings to improve absorption and decrease gastrointestinal discomfort.
Benefits
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients your body cannot manufacture itself. Omega-3 fatty acids are used to synthesize molecules that control inflammation in your body and make up the membranes surrounding every cell in your body. A deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet may lead to chronic inflammation and disruption of signals between cells in the brain and heart raising the risk or severity of many diseases.
EPA and DHA Content
Technically all of your body's needs for omega-3 fatty acids can be met by the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, found in plant sources. However, the conversion of ALA to DHA and EPA, two omega-3 fatty acids more easily used by the body, may be inefficient in some people, especially older men. The high content of EPA and DHA in fish oil may be a superior source of omega-3 fatty acids for some. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends that you get 1,000 mg of EPA plus DHA per day for the best effects of fish oil.
Additives and Purity
High intake of fish oil may interfere with the body's ability to absorb and store vitamin E. For this reason, vitamin E is commonly added to fish oil supplements. Other oils and fatty acids may also be added to make a more complete fatty acid supplement. It is also important to buy fish oil from a reputable brand that is tested for contaminants, such as heavy metals, PCBs, dioxins and mercury.
Coatings
A common complaint with fish oil supplements is gastrointestinal distress or "fish burps." This occurs when fish oil capsules dissolve in the stomach, trapping air and creating bubbles as they are mixed with the stomach contents. Fish oil capsules may include an enteric coating to prevent the capsules from dissolving until they reach the small intestines.
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