B-12 is a water soluble vitamin found mostly in meat, fish and dairy. It helps the body manufacture DNA and red blood cells. Sufficient levels of B-12 are necessary to prevent anemia. Deficiencies can lead to fatigue, depression and dementia. Several factors lead to B-12 deficiency. If a deficiency exists, your doctor may prescribe B-12 supplements.
Intrinsic Factor
Intrinsic factor is a substance produced in the stomach, allowing the absorption of B-12. A genetic deficiency causes some individuals to lack intrinsic factor at birth, leading to a deficiency. In others, their immune system erroneously identifies intrinsic factor as a pathogen, attacking it. Over time, this attack decreases intrinsic factor, causing deficiency.
Alcohol
Chronic alcohol use can shrink gastric mucosa and destroy healthy bacteria. Bad bacteria can then flourish and damage the intestines. This can cause inflammation, leading to an inability to absorb vitamins and minerals through the stomach and intestinal lining, including B-12. This reduction of B-12 absorption can lead to deficiency.
Diet
B-12 is abundant in meats like chicken and beef. Those not restricting meat consumption may be unlikely to experience a deficiency, unless biological issues are present. Plants are thought to be absent B-12. The recommended daily allowance of B-12, is 2.4 mcg. Vegetarians and vegans may be at risk of a deficiency and may benefit from supplementation.
Benefits
B-12 supplementation might benefit those with low levels and deficiencies. It assists the body in energy production. B-12 is a co-factor in producing several neurotransmitters and hormones, including thyroid hormones. These hormones help the body regulate metabolism and mood. If a deficiency is suspected, consult with your doctor.
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