Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common childhood disorders, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health. Among treatments including medication and psychotherapy, exercise has been shown to reduce the symptoms and severity of ADHD in children and adolescents. Studies continue to explore the potential benefits of regular exercise for ADHD patients.
About ADHD
The three primary symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, according to NIMH. ADHD manifests itself in three ways: predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive and combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive. Most cases of ADHD are combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive. Although scientists are still unsure of the exact cause of ADHD, contributing factors include genetics, environmental factors and brain injuries. Studies continue to explore whether other causes, such as sugar and food additives, really have any impact on the development of ADHD.
Function
During exercise, dopamine and norepinephrine are released in higher levels. Both of these chemicals are linked to improved concentration and focus. These are also the two primary chemicals that are affected by most ADHD medications. Increased dopamine levels reduce hyperactivity, while higher norepinephrine levels results in increased attention. Because exercise increases production of both these chemicals, it makes sense that exercise would have some impact on ADHD.
Studies and Experiments
Although many experts agree that exercise should affect ADHD symptoms, not many studies have explored this topic in great detail. In a 2000 study by researchers at the University of New York at Buffalo, children between the ages of 5 and 12 who exercised five days a week for 40 minutes each day demonstrated more improved behavior than those who did not. Some schools have also begun to use exercise as a behavior modification, according to "ADDitude" magazine online. In one Colorado school, children who misbehave are given "time-ins," which entail 10 minutes of exercise on a stationary bike or elliptical.
Additional Considerations
Exercise may be an ideal treatment for ADHD, because it reduces symptoms, improves overall well-being and has no detrimental side effects, unlike many ADHD medications. However, although exercise may have a significant impact on ADHD symptoms, it is not a cure. Children and adolescents with ADHD usually require other interventions, such as medication and therapy. Diet and television viewing may also play a role in ADHD symptoms, according to NIMH. Parents of children and adolescents with ADHD should reinforce positive behavior, encourage good organizational habits, and provide a disciplined environment with a regular routine.
References
- National Institute of Mental Health: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- USA Today; ADHD treatment is getting a workout; Liz Szabo; March 2006
- HealthCommunities.com: ADHD Medications - Stimulants; Feb. 2001
- "Healing"; Can exercise replace medication as a treatment for ADHD?; Michael S. Wendt; 2002
- ADDitude: Exercise: An Alternative ADHD Treatment Without Side Effects
