Cramping is defined by painful, involuntarily contractions of muscles in your body. Cramping due to exercise typically occurs at night and occurrence increases with age. People most often experience legs cramps in the calves and thighs, and while painful, they tend to be generally harmless and go away on their own.
Causes
Leg cramps in athletes might be the result of a number of factors, but the causes of leg cramps often are unknown. In rare and more severe situations, cramping in the legs might be a sign of an underlying disorder like diabetes. Cramping is most common for endurance athletes whose muscles might not be conditioned prior to working out for the preseason. Cramps in athletes often are caused by strain or overuse of the muscle and dehydration. Lack of certain vitamins and minerals also can be a risk factor for leg cramping.
Symptoms
The severity of cramps varies from person to person. While some experience a mild sensation, others might find cramps unbearably painful. Cramping can occur at any time, during physical activity and even while sleeping. Sometimes cramping is visible, appearing as a twitch under the skin. Cramping might last anywhere from 15 minutes or more and often goes away without any treatment.
Stretches
Improving your overall level of fitness can help prevent cramping. Warm up before physical activity with a slow jog in place or a short brisk walk. Before exercising, always stretch your muscles, especially your calves, hamstrings, and quadriceps, as these are most likely to be affected by cramping. Spend at least five to 10 minutes stretching your muscles before a workout.
Considerations
While leg cramps are common, especially among athletes, it might be necessary to see a doctor if cramping is persistent or the pain becomes unbearable. To prevent leg cramps, drink plenty of water each day to avoid dehydration. Also be sure to wear shoes that properly support your feet. You can help relieve leg cramps at night by flexing your feet up and down to help loosen tight muscles. You also might try massaging the cramped area with ice, or taking a hot shower or warm bath.
