The people of Europe and Asia have used fennel as a medicine and food source for centuries. Claims of fennel's medicinal qualities have ranged from aphrodisiac to witch repellent but, in modern times, people use fennel primarily as a digestive aid. Fennel allergies are rare and, though the food form of fennel is generally well tolerated, the essential oil of fennel seeds is potentially harmful if ingested. In addition, fennel seeds may exert a mild estrogenic effect and you should avoid them if you are pregnant or nursing.
Uses
According to the Herb Society of America, the leaves, flowers, seeds and bulb of the fennel plant are all edible. The medicinal effects of fennel are typically associated with the seeds and leaves, the consumption of which may offer benefits to people with digestive discomfort. You can prepare a tincture from crushed fennel seeds or chew on them to relieve mild feelings of fullness, indigestion or flatulence.
Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions to fennel are rare but have been documented. Fennel belongs to the same family of plants as carrots and celery. You should avoid fennel if you have an allergy to either of these plants, as cross-sensitivity could exist.
Essential Oil
Food manufacturers as well as the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries sometimes utilize the essential oil of fennel pressed from fennel seeds as a flavoring. The FDA categorizes fennel oil as Generally Regarded as Safe according to the Herb Society of America. Due to the concentrated nature of fennel essential oil, "The New Healing Herbs" recommends that it be avoided: ingesting even one teaspoon of fennel seed oil can cause nausea, vomiting and seizures.
Interactions with Medications
According to pharmacist Alan C. McKelvey of Wright State University, fennel is not known to interact with any other herbal or dietary supplements, but it does interfere with the medication Cipro. Cipro is a commonly prescribed antibiotic, and fennel can reduce its absorption by 50 percent. Avoid eating fennel if you are on antibiotics and always consult with your physician before taking any herbal remedies.
Pregnancy Concerns
According to"The New Healing Herbs," fennel exerts a mild estrogenic effect that may stimulate the uterus. Fennel has also found its way into the FDA's poisonous plant database as a minor ingredient in herbal infusions designed to produce abortion, as reported in a 2003 article of "Clinical Toxicology" Because of this, it's best to avoid fennel seeds and products if you are pregnant or lactating.
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