Football is a violent and demanding sport that requires specialized equipment to keep players safe. Players wear different types of gear depending on which positions they play. Football equipment has changed dramatically since the beginning of the sport. Present-day equipment is made with the latest technology and is much lighter and stronger than that worn by previous generations of players.
Helmets
The football helmet is arguably the most important piece of protective gear. Originally designed by a shoemaker, leather football helmets were first worn in the 1893 Army-Navy game. Helmets, which display team logos and colors, protect players from violent blows to the head. Today, helmets consist of a hard polycarbonate shell, a padded interior, a facemask and a chinstrap. Facemask designs vary from modest one-bar models to heavily caged masks for linemen. Modern technology gives players the capability to communicate with coaches via wireless headsets installed in helmets.
Uniform
Uniforms allow players to distinguish the members of both teams. All football jerseys are numbered; many teams display player names on the back of the jerseys. Players usually have a "home" jersey and an "away" jersey. Away jerseys usually have a white base, while home jerseys display the team's primary color. Football pants are designed to be tight-fitting yet flexible. Materials such as nylon and spandex cling close to the body while still allowing players to run in an unrestricted fashion.
Padding
Shoulder pads absorb the brunt of most hits that occur on the field. They are made with a hard outer shell and lined with padding to protect shoulders, collar bones and the upper back. Shoulder pads are available in many sizes and designs to help players find a comfortable fit. Protective padding is also worn on the hips, tailbone, thighs and knees. An athletic supporter and plastic cup are essential in protecting the groin area. Mouthpieces are worn to protect teeth and jaws from injury and to reduce the chance of concussion.
Footwear and Gloves
Football cleats come in two main styles: one with molded spikes and another with removable, screw-in spikes. Players participating in games held at indoor venues use shoes specially designed for artificial turf. Linemen and defensive players often wear gloves that protect their hands and fingers. Running backs and wide receivers prefer tight-fitting gloves designed to aid in gripping the football.
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