The sudden onset of leg cramps during swimming is painful and can create a potentially dangerous situation. Leg cramps seem to hit from out of nowhere and it doesn't matter how tough you are, it can definitely throw a wrench in the works. If a leg cramp hits while you're in the water, there are several things you should know.
When it Hits
If you're in shallow water it is relatively easy to stand up on the unaffected leg; if you're in deep this can become more of a challenge. Tread water as best you can and signal for a lifeguard or a buddy to come and help you out of the water. If you're all alone, remain calm and make your way to the nearest place to rest, even if that means grabbing a nearby buoy. Once you are out of immediate danger of drowning, gently massage the painful area and stretch as much as you can slowly until you regain full range of motion. As soon as you are able to, elevate the leg and apply a cold compress. Take an over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen for the pain.
Possible Causes
If you haven't been up on watching your fluid intake and you've had a bit too much fun in the sun, leg cramps during swimming could be the result of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. Leg cramps can also strike when the body is low on potassium. Overstraining the muscles when you aren't accustomed to using them so much and unnecessary tension on your leg are just some of the potential causes of the painful sudden cramping.
When To Call Your Doctor
The leg will continue to feel a bit sore and tender after the cramp is gone, which is normal, but if the cramp doesn't stop you will need to seek medical assistance. Watch for swelling, discoloration, fever, and worsening of the condition despite your efforts to ease it. If leg cramps become a frequent problem when you swim, you may want to consider taking a break from the activity and talk to your doctor before you think about getting back in the pool.
Preventive Measures
Just by being proactive you can help to ward off future painful leg cramps. On the day that you plan to go swimming, be sure to stretch your muscles and warm up first. Take a walk first to get your blood pumping. Keep potassium levels in check by eating foods that are rich with it, such as bananas, and keep your body hydrated by drinking water and a sports drink that contains electrolytes.
