L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is found in food and dietary supplements. Pharmacist Kristi Monson and Dr. Arthur Schoenstadt, authors of the eMedTV article "L-Tryptophan Side Effects," note that L-tryptophan supplements are taken to treat sleep problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), premenstrual syndrome (PMS), depression and anxiety. These supplements do have multiple side effects, some of which are severe and require medical attention. Patients should not stop taking the L-tryptophan supplements without talking to a doctor first.
Eosinophila-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS)
One of the severe side effects of L-tryptophan is eosinophila-myalgia syndrome, or EMS. Monson and Schoenstadt state that beginning in 1989, more than 1,500 cases of EMS occurred from L-tryptophan use. Signs of EMS include severe muscle pain, nerve pain, fatigue and hair loss. Skin conditions like rashes and dry, thickened skin are also signs of EMS. When a blood test is done, patients with EMS have high eosinophil levels. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) notes that eosinophils are white blood cells; a high eosinophil levels indicates something is wrong, such as an infection. If L-tryptophan supplement users have these signs, Monson and Schoenstadt advise talking to a doctor immediately.
Serotonin Syndrome
Another serious side effect that requires medical attention is serotonin syndrome, which the NIH defines as a drug reaction where too much serotonin is in the body. Signs of serotonin syndrome include difficulty walking, muscle spasms, hallucinations and confusion, according to Monson and Schoenstadt. Patients may also have tachycardia, or a fast heartbeat. Other symptoms of serotonin syndrome are feeling faint, fever, sweating and diarrhea.
Allergic Reactions
Monson and Schoenstadt note that L-tryptophan users may experience allergic reactions. Signs of an allergic reaction include rashes, hives and itching. Serious warning signs of an allergic reaction are wheezing, problems breathing and swelling in the mouth or the throat.
Other Side Effects
Monson and Schoenstadt state that not all of the side effects of L-tryptophan supplements are serious. Gastrointestinal issues, like indigestion, abdominal pain, gas and diarrhea, are possible. Users might experience nausea or vomiting. Other side effects include a loss of appetite, drowsiness, headaches, feeling lightheaded, dry mouth and blurred vision.
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