Potassium is an electrolyte that is needed for the body to function properly. It is important to maintain a balance of potassium in the blood. Both high and low levels can be dangerous. Causes of high potassium levels include excessive intake, kidney disease, extreme burns, other traumatic injury and surgery.
Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia occurs when higher-than-normal levels of potassium accumulate in the blood. Because potassium is needed by the body for healthy nerve cell functioning and to maintain a regular heartbeat, excessive potassium levels can be dangerous.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hyperkalemia include muscle weakness, fatigue, abnormal heartbeat, nausea and, in severe cases, paralysis. Because hyperkalemia is considered a life-threatening condition, if you experience any of these symptoms, contact a doctor immediately.
Treatment
When potassium levels are high, medical treatment can help bring levels back to within normal limits. For an acute attack, medications are used to help remove excess potassium from the body, including cation-exchange resin medications, which remove potassium from the gastrointestinal tract; diuretics; intravenous calcium, to help regulate heartbeat; and sodium bicarbonate. Kidney dialysis can also be used to help clean the blood.
Recommendations
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, adults should consume approximately 2,000 mg of potassium each day. Needs do not increase during pregnancy or lactation. Potassium can be found in many foods, including bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, citrus juices, avocados, cantaloupes, lima beans, flounder, salmon, cod and chicken.
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