You can expect some normal pressure in your ears the deeper you go when swimming. The eardrum is sensitive to changes in pressure, and you may be feeling a sensation as it tries to compensate. Understanding the different things that can cause ear pressure will help you figure out your next move. If the pressure is intense, leave the water. If the pain persists, consult your doctor.
Middle Ear Barotrauma
The ear system consists of tubes that regulate the pressure in the middle ear. There is one tube on each side that sits near the back of the throat. When the tubes become blocked or restricted, they have difficulty controlling the pressure. Any change in air pressure can result in a full feeling in the ear. As the middle ear tries to match the external pressure, you may feel a slight force exerted against the eardrum. Middle ear barotraumas is a problem associated with deep diving, but as you swim, you may experience a mild form. To correct the problem, try swallowing. This can force the tubes open and balance the pressure. You may feel a slight pop as the pressure equalizes. If this doesn't work, move your jaw to simulate chewing.
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus cavities may also create pressure while swimming. The inflammation can be from a cold, flu, allergies or infection. As a general rule, if you have sinus problems, it may be best not to swim until they improve. Sinusitis can lead to an ear infection. If you are running a fever, see a doctor for treatment. If the sinus inflammation is from an illness, you may not feel like swimming, anyway. Allergy related sinusitis may respond to an antihistamine. Taking a nondrowsy formula approximately an hour before swimming and see whether that helps.
Middle Ear Infection
It might be that the trouble with your ear is unrelated to your activity. A middle ear infection will create pressure on the eardrum. Pain is an indication that the stress in your ear may not be barotrauma. Get out of the water and take a break. If chewing or swallowing does not relieve the pressure, you may have an infection. Other symptoms of middle ear infection include drainage from the ear, diminished hearing, achiness and a sore throat. You should not swim with an ear infection. This may rupture the eardrum and spread the infection. If the pressure lasts longer than one day, see your doctor. Untreated ear infections can cause damage and become more serious over time.
Considerations
Take a full inventory of what may be going on with your ear once you feel the pressure. If you just went under the water, tilt your head and see if the water comes out of the ear. Pressure in both ears is probably from the water. If you have been feeling under the weather or the pressure turns to pain in one ear, assume it is something beyond just swimming.
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