The early history of soccer allowed players to pick the ball up with their hands, physical contact was encouraged, and different areas and teams played by different rules. It was the clarification of the rules in England in 1863 that led to the rule allowing only one player to use his hands on the field of play.
The Goalkeeper
The goalkeeper is the player given responsibility to guard the goalposts in soccer. Not only do they wear a different jersey than the rest of their teammates, according to BBC Sport, "There is no doubting it is one of the most important jobs on the football pitch." Goalkeepers need agility, courage, quick footwork, fast eye-to-hand coordination and impressive concentration levels, considering that they aren't involved in a game for long periods.
The Rules on Players
The Federation of International Football Association is the worldwide governing body that regulates the game. The rules, still very similar to those clarified in 1863, state that no match can take place without a designated goalkeeper. According to FIFA, "A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than 11 players, one of whom is the goalkeeper."
Goalkeeper Rules
Apart from outfield players at throw-ins, when the ball is deemed out of play, goalkeepers are the only players who can use their hands. Nevertheless, they are only allowed to handle the ball in the penalty area. If they handle the ball outside of this area, they will be penalized. The penalty area is a rectangular box that extends 16-1/2 m from the center of the goalposts. Once the goalkeeper picks up the ball, he can hold the ball for just six seconds.
Goalkeeper Equipment
Goalkeepers have to wear specific equipment. Soccer regulations require goalkeepers to wear colors that distinguish him from other players and referees. They can also wear goalkeeper gloves. Some choose to wear hats to restrict the glare from the sun.
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