Beta carotene, a type of pigment found in plants, especially carrots and colorful vegetables, is transformed into vitamin A in the liver. Beta carotene gives orange and yellow vegetables and fruits their rich hues. Available in generic form without a prescription, beta carotene is used in the prevention and treatment of vitamin A deficiency and some eye and skin conditions. In therapeutic dosages, it also prevents against cancer and heart disease. However, as with many other drugs, it may also cause unwanted effects.
Allergic Reactions
In some, as with any medication, beta carotene may cause severe allergic reactions. Some symptoms of this reaction may include skin rash, hives and swelling of different parts of the body, including the face, lips and tongue. Other symptoms include an itchy throat, difficulty breathing and chest tightness. If you experience any of these, stop taking beta carotene supplements and seek immediate medical attention.
Skin Discoloration and Sensitivity
High doses of beta carotene may give a yellow or orange tinge to the skin, palms and feet. The severity of this discoloration depends on the dosage of the drug used. This effect is not harmful. Beta carotene may also cause increased sensitivity to sunlight and tanning booths in some individuals. If you must be in the sun for a long time, wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen.
Effects in Smokers
Beta carotene supplements increase the risk of cancer in people who smoke. A study conducted by The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group reported n 1994 in "The New England Journal of Medicine" that beta carotene increases incidence of lung cancer in smokers. Among this same group, beta carotene may cause bleeding in the brain and heart problems. This is also true for people who have been exposed to asbestos.
Other Effects
Additional effects of beta carotene include joint pain, diarrhea, easy bruising and bleeding. While diarrhea is quite common, others effects are rare and occur less frequently. Report any severe side effect to your doctor. Your doctor will also be able to advise you on the safety of this medication if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Since beta carotene may lower the effects of some other drugs, tell your doctor if you are take any other medication concurrently with beta carotene.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Beta Carotene
- Drugs.com: Beta Carotene
- "The New England Journal of Medicine"; The Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Other Cancers in Male Smokers; The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group; April 14, 1994
- MedlinePlus: Beta Carotene
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