Cholesterol is a waxy substance your body needs to function properly; however, if you have too much cholesterol in your body, you are at an increased risk of stroke, heart disease and heart attack. The only way to find out how much cholesterol you have in your body is to go to a doctor for a blood test called a lipid panel.
Lipoproteins
As cholesterol moves through your bloodstream, it is carried by proteins. This combination is known as lipoproteins. There are three lipoproteins. High density lipoprotein, or HDL, is considered good cholesterol since it picks up excess cholesterol and transfers it to your liver. Very low density lipoprotein, also known as VLDL, is a bad form of cholesterol comprised of triglycerides. VLDL makes your blood vessels more narrow because it increases the size of low density lipoproteins, or LDL. LDL is another bad form of cholesterol that builds up in your arteries and leads to buildup of plaque.
Risk Factors
An unhealthy diet that includes a lot of fried foods and fatty foods and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to high cholesterol levels. Smoking, because it constricts the blood vessels, is considered a risk factor for high cholesterol. High blood pressure, obesity and diabetes are also risk factors. You are also considered at a high risk of developing high cholesterol if you have a family member with heart disease -- particularly a parent or sibling who was diagnosed before age 55.
Dangers
There aren't usually any symptoms of high cholesterol until the plaque buildup becomes so severe that your blood flow is restricted. If the blood flow to your heart is restricted enough you are likely to suffer from angina, or chest pains. As the blockage increases or if the plaque ruptures and a blood clot forms over the area, blood flow to your heart stops and you will have a heart attack. If the plaque buildup forms in arteries and blood vessels to your brain you may have a stroke.
Treatment and Prevention
Eating a healthy diet that is low in fat and cholesterol can help to prevent you from developing high cholesterol. If you already have high cholesterol, this type of diet can help to lower your cholesterol levels. Starting an exercise program can also help to prevent and treat high cholesterol. If you have high cholesterol, your doctor may prescribe medications to help you get it under control. Statins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid binding resins or a combination of these can help to control high LDL levels. Niacin and fibrates can help to control VLDL. Your doctor may also recommend that you take omega-3 fatty acid supplements.
