Krill are small, shrimplike crustaceans found in the extremely cold Antarctic Ocean. Krill oil has been found to be effective in lowering cholesterol, decreasing inflammation and decreasing premenstrual syndrome. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content of krill allows for their survival in cold water and provides the health benefits for humans.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Krill oil contains eicosapentaenoic acid, or EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA. Both EPA and DHA are long-chain omega-3, fatty acids essential for health. According to "Alternative Medicine Review," the most benefits from taking krill oil are attributed to these fatty acids, including anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties.
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin are carotenoids responsible for the red color of krill. This fat-soluble pigment has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The antioxidant properties of krill oil were found to be 48 times more effective when compared to fish oil, according to the "Journal of Natural Products." Astaxanthin has been found to be beneficial for diabetes, cancer, the immune system and eye health.
Vitamins
Krill oil contains several vitamins, including vitamins A and E and choline. Both vitamin A and vitamin E have antioxidant properties and protect cells against damage. While choline is not actually a vitamin, it is considered an essential nutrient as the body cannot make enough to maintain health. Choline is required for fat transport and metabolism, integrity of cell membranes, as well as nerve transmission.
Dosage and Toxicity
Dosing ranges from 500 mg to 3 g of krill oil a day. Check labels for amounts of EPA and DHA, astaxanthin and vitamins, as brands will differ. Currently, there are no known toxic side effects of taking krill oil. You may experience gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea, bloating and flatulence. Do not take krill oil if you have a seafood allergy. Talk to your doctor before beginning any supplement.
References
- "Alternative Medicine Review"; Krill Oil Monograph; April 2010
- "Alternative Medicine Review"; Integrated Brain Restoration after Ischemic Stroke -- Medical Management, Risk Factors, Nutrients, and other Interventions for Managing Inflammation and Enhancing Brain Plasticity; Parris M. Kidd; March 2009
- "Journal of Natural Products"; Astaxanthin, a Carotenoid with Potential in Human Health and Nutrition; Ghazi Hussein, et al.; 2006
- Linus Pauling Institute; Choline;Jane Higdon; November 2003
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