The B vitamins often work in conjunction with one another for a variety of purposes such as promoting the metabolization of food for energy. In certain instances, however, one or more of them play a larger role --- as is the case with vitamin B6 and aspects of brain health. Getting enough B6 through your diet typically should not prove problematic, but if you're considering taking a B6 supplement for any reason, consult with your doctor first, because excess levels could cause negative side effects.
B6 and Homocysteine Levels
The amino acid homocysteine can prove problematic at elevated levels and has been correlated with an increased risk for heart disease. Research conducted at the University of Oxford indicates that homocysteine might also play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease by accelerating brain shrinkage. Vitamin B6 helps regulate levels of homocysteine; the Oxford study sought to examine the effects of a supplement containing vitamins B6 and B12 and folic acid on patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment --- a condition that progresses to dementia within five years in 50 percent of people diagnosed. For two years, participants either took a supplement or a placebo while undergoing brain scans and measurements of homocysteine levels. Researchers found that those taking the B vitamin supplement experienced 30 percent less brain shrinkage and a 23-percent drop in homocysteine levels. They also performed better on a variety of cognitive tests.
Overall Mental Health
Your brain produces a variety of chemicals that affect mood --- and altering that production can negatively affect health. Vitamin B6 helps synthesize the production of norepinephrine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid, reduced levels of which have been linked to issues like depression and anxiety. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that several medications target depression by increasing serotonin production, and since B6 plays a similar role, it might also offer a similar benefit --- though using this vitamin as a treatment for this serious condition requires more research as of 2011. If you have an interest in using B6 or other treatments for mental-health issues, consult a practitioner experienced in using natural substances therapeutically, like a naturopathic physician.
Parkinson's Disease
The University of Maryland Medical Center cites research indicating that vitamin B6 usage might reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease, which results from decreased production of dopamine --- a chemical heavily involved in coordinating bodily movement. B6 plays a central role in producing dopamine.
Considerations for Supplementation
The University of Maryland Medical Center advises against taking more than 100 milligrams of vitamin B6 daily without medical supervision. Taking more than 200 mg can lead to neurological problems like loss of balance and sensation. The amount of B6 you need will depend on your reason for using it, because different conditions have been treated with different dosages. If you're simply looking to ensure adequate intake, B-vitamin complex supplements contain levels of each vitamin in safe, proper proportion.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Vitamin B6; June 18, 2006
- University of Oxford; B Vitamins Slow Brain Atrophy in People With Memory Problems; Sept. 9, 2010
- Oregon State University --- Linus Pauling Institute; Vitamin B6; November 2007
- AARP; High Doses of B Vitamins Benefit the Brain; Nissa Simon; Oct. 5, 2010
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