Statin drugs belong to a group of cholesterol-lowering substances known as 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, or HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Pravastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and simvastatin are examples of statins.
Mechanism
By inhibiting HMG CoA reductase, statin drugs cause a decrease of cholesterol in the cells. This in turn promotes an increase of low density lipoprotein, or LDL "bad" cholesterol, and cell surface receptors that bind LDL. This decrease and increased LDL binding results in the reduction of blood LDL as well as total cholesterol levels.
Uses
Statin drugs lower LDL and total cholesterol for the purpose of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. In certain individuals, statins may slightly increase levels of high density lipoprotein, or "good" cholesterol.
Benefits
Beyond reducing high cholesterol levels, statins appear to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Statins may also help with some heart rhythm problems.
Risks
Statin drugs are metabolized by the liver, where their effects are most pronounced. Thus, statin drugs pose an increased risk for liver damage. Muscle aches and pains are a common side effect. Rarely, a serious or life-threatening muscle inflammation can occur.
Dose
The recommended dose for statins is variable, based on risk categories such as; diabetes, cardiovascular illness, smoking or obesity.
