Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, more commonly known as ADHD, is a behavioral disorder that most commonly affects school-aged children, although it may continue into adulthood. Characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity and concentration problems, ADHD may seriously interfere with an individual's everyday life. ADHD treatment usually involves taking prescription medicines, such as dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate, and undergoing behavioral therapy. Dietary supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, may also play a role in the treatment of this disorder. However, evidence showing that omega-3 is an effective treatment for ADHD is limited. Get medical advice before including omega-3 supplements into your treatment plan.
Properties and Potential Benefits
Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that they play a key role in brain function and are, therefore, sometimes used to help alleviate symptoms of ADHD. There are two main forms of omega-3 fatty acids, known as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Oily fish like herring, tuna and salmon, and cod liver are rich sourcees of omega-3 fatty acids. However, it is common to obtain omega-3s by taking a fish oil supplement..
Scientific Evidence
Studies examining the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of ADHD are limited. However, the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in the February 2009 issue of "Paediatrics and Child Health" show that omega-3s improve symptoms in primary school children. An article published in the April 2006 issue of the "International Review of Psychiatry" notes that omega-3 fatty acids appear to improve ADHD symptoms in at least some children. However, the author adds that omega-3 fatty acids should not be used as a primary treatment for this condition.
Side Effects
Taking a fish oil supplement as a source of omega-3 fatty acids may cause side effects including heartburn, loose stools, belching, rash and nausea. However, MedlinePlus states that taking fish oil with your meals will help to reduce these effects. Taking more than 3 g daily may not be safe as it may hinder your body's ability to fight infection. It may also have a blood-thinning effect and make you more prone to bleeding and bruising. Bear in mind that eating fish as source of omega-3 fatty acids may increase your exposure to environmental contaminants such as mercury. MedlinePlus states that fish oil supplements don't usually contain these contaminants.
Contraindications
Fish oil is contraindicated in several conditions including liver disease, hypertension, diabetes and bipolar disorder. Do not take a fish oil supplement if you have a seafood allergy. Adults with ADHD considering taking a fish oil supplement should bear in mind that it may interact with other drugs including the birth control pill, anti-hypertensive drugs and anticoagulants.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: Omega-3
- "Paediatrics and Child Health"; Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment of Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study; S.A. Belanger et al.; February 2009
- "International Review of Psychiatry"; Omega-3 fatty Acids in ADHD and Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders; A.J. Richardson; April 2006
- MedlinePlus: Fish Oil
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