Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by a constant urge to move the legs so as to stop unpleasant sensations, which may feel like itching, pulling, creepy-crawling, or tugging, according to the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation. Some people who have RLS experience periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS), which are jerky movements that can disrupt your sleep. A deficiency in vitamin B-12 may cause RLS.
Deficiency
Patients with iron, vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency are at increased risk for RLS, according to Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation. Vitamin B-12, iron and folic acid are necessary for production of healthy red blood cells and prevention of anemia. Deficiency in these nutrients leads to anemia, which is a major cause of RLS.
Vitamin B-12 Administration
Patients with RLS should consult with their doctors before taking B-12 or other supplements to prevent RLS symptoms. Vitamin B-12 supplements are available in tablets, capsules, liquid and injections. You should swallow oral extended-release tablets or capsules without chewing. Place sublingual B-12 tablets under the tongue and allow them to dissolve into the bloodstream. B-12 injections are administered in deep muscles of the arm, thighs and hips. B-12 is contraindicated in patients with Leber's disease because its use can cause further damage the optic nerve and lead to blindness
Side Effects of B-12 Supplements
Patients who take vitamin B-12 to prevent RLS may experience common side effects such as upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, weakness, joint pain, swollen tongue, numbness and tingling and fever, according to Drugs.com. Vitamin B-12 injections may also cause pain, redness and irritation at the injection site. Some patients who are allergic to the ingredients in B-12 supplements may experience severe allergic reactions.
Symptoms
Patients with RLS caused by vitamin B-12 deficiency experience unpleasant sensations in the lower legs, but may also be experience sensations in the upper legs, feet and arms. The sensations typically begin when you lie down or sit for an extended period of time, such as in a car or airplane, and lessen when you get up and move. Most patients experience worsened symptoms at night.
