Treating a severe headache can be a matter of trial and error, as the type of headache you have often dictates its response to treatment. Migraine, cluster and tension-type headaches respond differently to different interventions. Additionally, if your headache is caused by an infection or overexertion, treating those causes can bring relief. If self-treatment fails, or if your headache becomes more severe or is associated with other symptoms, see your doctor.
Step 1
Take an over-the-counter pain-relief medication. Aspirin, ibuprofen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- or NSAIDs -- are all first-line approaches to treating an occasional severe headache, particularly one caused by tension resulting from culprits such as anxiety, poor posture, stress or jaw clenching.
Step 2
Take an over-the-counter combination pain-relief medication if you do not get relief from a noncombination medication. Combination formulas include other ingredients, such as caffeine -- for you to consider.
Step 3
Use a humidifier and other interventions, such as steam inhalation and nasal sprays, to keep your nasal passages moist if you suspect that your headache is a result of sinus congestion or allergies. In these cases, over-the-counter nasal decongestants or antihistamines may help relieve a severe sinus headache.
Step 4
Rest in a quiet, dark environment if you believe that you have a migraine or cluster headache. Also, limit your routine activity as much as possible to avoid exacerbation. Both of these types of headaches can be extremely painful and often benefit from both over-the-counter and prescription medications, application of heat and/or cold to the head and neck, caffeine in small amounts and massage.
Step 5
Call your doctor if you notice other symptoms associated with your headache. Such symptoms include confusion, slurred speech and loss of coordination. Also, if your headache occurred at the time of or after a head injury, call your doctor.
Tips and Warnings
- Acetaminophen is another pain reliever available over the counter. It may be effective in relieving some headaches, but not usually those cased by tension. If your sinus pressure and congestion does not resolve after a few days -- or if you notice mucus from your nose that is an abnormal color, blood-streaked or has an odd smell -- you may need to visit your doctor for a prescription antibiotic. Your doctor may also prescribe a prescription decongestant.
- Seek medical advice immediately if your headache came on suddenly, or explosively, of if you feel as though your headache is the worst you have ever experienced. Other symptoms requiring medical attention include a severe headache in conjunction with a fever, stiff neck, vomiting and/or nausea.
References
- MayoClinic.com; Tension Headache: Treatment and Drugs; Mayo Clinic Staff
- MayoClinic.com; Tension Headache: Causes; Mayo Clinic Staff
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Sinus Headache
- MayoClinic.com; Headaches: Treatment Depends on Your Diagnosis and Symptoms; Mayo Clinic Staff
- MedlinePlus: Headache
