Zyrtec, or cetirizine hydrochloride, is an antihistamine that decreases histamine in the body as a treatment for allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, watery eyes and hives. Allergies are hypersensitive reactions of the immune system in which histamines are released in response to the body's detection of an antigen or potentially infectious agent. Consequently, the inhibiting action of the antihistamine reduces the symptoms of allergies.
Common Side Effects
Common side effects include drowsiness (sedative effect), dizziness and fatigue. Another possible side effect of taking this medication is that of headaches as the antihistamine begins reducing symptoms. Lying down may reduce these symptoms if they are produced by the medication. Such common side effects of taking Zyrtec usually are short-term, as the body gets used to taking this drug.
Skin Effects
Another category of side effects that may be produced from taking Zyrtec involves the skin. Specifically, those taking Zyrtec may get sunburned more easily; wear clothing for protection and avoid direct sun and tanning booths.
Groups
Specific groups may be at particular risk of experiencing side effects from taking this medication. Nursing mothers should not take this medication because it has been found in breast milk. According to Drugs.com, this medication may be harmful to newborns; that is, while no harm is anticipated for the unborn, antihistamines may pass through breast milk and produce irritability or other such effects in newborns. Also, the elderly tend to be more sensitive to the effects of this drug and should be monitored closely. Similarly, young children should be monitored closely when given this medication; young children may experience sleeping problems or stomachaches if given this drug.
Severe Effects
Severe reactions to Zyrtec are possible. These reactions include breathing difficulty, chest pain or tightness, and irregular heartbeat. Other major effects sometimes experienced are hives with itching, swelling of the face and tongue, and changes in mood or mental state. Individuals may experience dark urine output and seizures. Also, unusual bleeding or bruising and jaundice have been reported. If any of these side effects occur, contact a physician immediately.
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