While they may seem like small, inconsequential parts, bicycle pedals actually play an important role in transferring energy from the rider to the bicycle. Inefficient pedals or a sloppy pedal stroke can cost a rider valuable energy and speed. Pedals come in several varieties, ranging from cheaper flat pedals to high-end carbon.
Platform Pedals
Platform pedals are the most basic pedal, made of everything from aluminum and plastic to steel and rubber. They are found on most cheaper bikes sold today and are often equipped with reflectors. On a platform pedal, the foot is free to move and any shoes can be used. While this pedal tends to be heavy because it contains such a large platform and often heavy materials, it's also less efficient for longer rides. Keeping the foot positioned properly wastes energy, thus making it difficult to sustain higher speeds without using a lot of energy.
Toe Clips
You can find toe clips on many early models of race bikes and road bikes. Essentially, toe clips were invented as a way to secure a rider's foot to a platform pedal. They snap into the pedal, adding some weight. The foot loosely slides into the clip, which covers the foot like a basket. Pedaling efficiency is less of a problem with clips than with flats and riders will conserve more energy with clips. Commuters often prefer toe clips, because they will help maintain higher speeds without forcing riders to use a special pair of shoes.
Clipless Pedals
Clipless pedals are preferred by road racers and other serious cyclists who are concerned with performance, power and speed. These pedals will help a rider transfer the most power to the bicycle, especially on long rides. They are generally the lightest choice, are typically half or a quarter of the size of flat pedals, and are usually made from aluminum or carbon. Clipless pedals use a three-part system consisting of special shoes, cleats and pedals.
Other Considerations
Clipless pedals can be a frustrating choice for new bike riders. They require the cleat on the shoe to securely click into the pedal. The rider must then twist his foot to disengage the cleat. This requires some practice, as well as a few falls, and riders should feel comfortable with these pedals before riding on the road. This is also the most expensive pedal system, as riders must use special shoes with cleat holes.
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