Your rate of metabolism is unique to you as an individual. Many factors can contribute to your personal rate of metabolism, including thyroid hormones. Because these hormones play an important role in regulating energy use, thyroid disorders can significantly impact metabolism. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone.
Metabolism
Metabolism is typically defined as the rate at which your body consumes energy. As your body breaks down sugars, fats and proteins, the resulting metabolic products are used in biological processes that are essential to life. Energy is used to catalyze chemical processes and drive muscle movement within your body. In addition, the use of energy also results in the production of thermal heat. When metabolism slows, inactivity and lower energy requirements can result in lethargy and weight gain.
Thyroid Hormone
Located in the front part of the neck below the voice box, the thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones. Both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are thyroid hormones that exert an effect within your body. Thyroid hormones promote higher metabolism in various ways, including the stimulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the contractility of cardiac muscle. If thyroid hormone levels are low, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are typically found at elevated levels.
Hypothyroidism
Low levels of thyroid hormone results in a condition that is referred to as hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can occur from many causes, including genetic disorders, radiation, thyroid surgery and certain medications. Because thyroid hormone contains iodine, an iodine deficiency can also result in hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroid Symptoms
As a result of low thyroid hormone levels, patients with hypothyroidism may experience a reduction in metabolic rate. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include lethargy, fatigue, constipation, aches, pains, cold sensitivity, elevated cholesterol, weight gain and mood disorders. In children, hypothyroidism can interfere with normal growth and development. Many patients with hypothyroidism require the use of thyroid medications. Patients with concerns regarding hypothyroidism and treatment options should speak with their physician.
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