Glands, such as the thyroid, are sensitive to chemicals, lack of nutrients and even stress. The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism, so any malfunction with the thyroid would affect energy production, blood flow, body temperature and weight regulation. Hypothyroidism is an often undiagnosed condition that can have profound effects on a person's life. Understanding symptoms and preventative measures can have a major impact on quality of life.
Hypothyroidism Defined
The thyroid gland is located in the throat behind the larynx and secretes hormones that control metabolism, which includes the production of energy from food. Hypothyroidism develops when the thyroid does not produce enough hormones, primarily thyroxine and triiodothyronine. According to "Human Biochemistry and Disease," hypothyroidism has many causes, is much more common in females, and occurs in at least 15 percent of Americans. Hypothyroidism is frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, although thyroid hormones can be readily tested in the blood to confirm malfunction.
Causes of Hypothyroidism
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, about 95 percent of hypothyroidism cases occur from problems that start in the thyroid gland. Common causes include auto-immune diseases, mismanagement of hyperthyroidism, complications from thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, iodine deficiency, and negative effects caused by prescription drugs, chemicals and food additives.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
The primary symptoms of hypothyroidism include profound fatigue, lethargy, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, puffy face, hoarse voice, muscle pain and weakness, brittle fingernails and hair, depression, elevated blood cholesterol levels, difficulty keeping warm and unusually cold hands and feet. Adults with hypothyroidism find it difficult to keep jobs, raise kids and even help themselves. Hypothyroidism in infants may also lead to failure to grow and develop normally and excessive sleepiness. When hypothyroidism in infants isn't treated, severe physical and mental retardation could occur.
Dietary Prevention of Hypothyroidism
The majority of hypothyroidism cases do not seem to be diet related, although being aware of what the thyroid requires is a good idea. Iodine is an important nutrient for the thyroid, as lack of it leads to goiter, or swelling of the thyroid. Iodine is the main element within thyroxine and triiodothyronine. According to "Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Metabolism," about 150mcg of iodine per day for adults is recommended, which is well below levels that cause negative reactions. Sources of iodine include iodized table salt, liquid iodine, such as Lugol's solution, and kelp. Selenium is also needed for thyroid hormone production and conversion. About 200mcg daily of selenium is often recommended by thyroid specialists. Other nutrients important for thyroid function include zinc, iron and vitamin D. Soy products should be avoided if hypothyroidism is suspected, because isoflavones reduce thyroid hormone production.
References
- "Human Biochemistry and Disease"; Gerald Litwack; 2008
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Hypothyroidism - Causes
- Mayo Clinic: Hypothyroidism Symptoms
- "Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Metabolism"; Carolyn D. Berdanier; 2009
