Vitamin B12 is a water soluble vitamin found naturally in many foods, and is essential for many of the body's functions. While a deficiency is rare, it is most common among vegetarians, the elderly and people with certain medical conditions according to the National Institutes of Health. If you're concerned about your vitamin B12 level, consult your primary doctor.
Background
The National Institutes of Health notes that vitamin B12 is necessary for red blood cell formation, neurological function and DNA synthesis. If levels of the vitamin become too low you may experience fatigue, appetite loss, constipation, tingling hands or feet, depression, confusion, memory loss, dementia or soreness of the mouth. The average vitamin B12 intake for adults in the United States is 3.4 mcg. This amount is higher than the daily recommended about of 2.4 mcg for normal adults. Fortunately, it is not dangerous to consume too much vitamin B12. The vitamin is easily excreted through the body and there have not been any adverse effects associated with over consumption.
Testing
If you suspect your vitamin B12 level is too low, ask your primary doctor about testing it. Levels are determined through a simple blood test. The New York Times recommends that you refrain from eating or drinking 6 to 8 hours prior to the test. Also be sure to tell your doctor about all medications -- including over-the-counter drugs and supplements -- that you are taking.
Ranges
The New York Times notes that normal levels of vitamin B12 in the body are 200 to 900 picograms per ml. If your level is lower than this, you likely have a vitamin B12 deficiency. Older adults may experience signs of a deficiency at levels less than 500 picograms per ml. Always discuss your test results with your doctor. If your doctor determines that you do have a deficiency, you may be advised to take another test called a Schilling test. A Schilling test determines whether your body properly absorbs vitamin B12.
Food Sources
In order to maintain a healthy level of vitamin B12, it's important to eat a balanced diet. The Mayo Clinic notes that dietary sources of the vitamin include fish, shellfish, meat and dairy products. Look for lean cuts of meat and choose low fat dairy products to avoid consuming too much saturated fat. People who don't eat meat or fish can look for products fortified with the vitamin and talk to their doctor about a vitamin B12 supplement.
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