Swelling in your cheeks and gums, and anywhere else on your body after eating food, is most likely the result of an allergic reaction. Most symptoms from food allergies are the result of inflammation. Swelling in the face is a concerning symptom related to a food allergy because it is a common symptom of anaphylaxis, a severe reaction that could result in death. If the swelling is isolated to your mouth and face region, you may be experiencing a condition called oral allergy syndrome. Visit your doctor for a diagnosis.
Swelling Cause
Swelling from eating food that triggers an allergic reaction is caused by inflammation of soft tissue. When you ingest a food that you're allergic to, your immune system causes a reaction in the body as if it were under attack. This reaction triggers the production of multiple chemicals, such as immunoglobulin E and histamine. Histamine is produced by mast cells in soft tissue throughout the body. Too much histamine in soft tissues causes inflammation and swelling. You can develop swelling anywhere in your body from a food allergy.
Areas of Swelling
The primary areas where swelling commonly forms from a food allergy are the face, mouth, throat, sinuses, lungs, skin and digestive tract. Swelling in your throat will cause you to feel like there is a lump in your throat and may restrict your ability to breathe. You may also develop shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness and coughing. If your digestive system becomes inflamed, you will experience cramping, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Signs of a serious allergic reaction include swelling of the lips, throat, tongue and mouth.
Oral Allergy Syndrome Consideration
If you only develop swelling in your mouth and lip region accompanied by itching, you may be experiencing oral allergy syndrome. This condition is related to seasonal pollen allergies. If you're allergic to certain pollen, eating certain raw nuts, fruits and vegetables can trigger swelling and itching in your mouth, throat and ears. This syndrome occurs because the immune system confuses the proteins in the food as the pollen, which causes mast cells in soft tissue to release histamine.
Treatment
If you suspect that you're developing a severe allergic reaction, call 911 immediately. Anaphylaxis is treated with a prescribed medication called epinephrine. A common allergic reaction can be treated with an oral antihistamine and by avoiding the foods that trigger the reaction. Do not take any oral medication if you suspect that you're experiencing a severe allergic reaction because the pill may block your swollen airways.
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