Learning that you or a loved-one may be at risk, or have high cholesterol, may mean you are learning a whole new language in terms of your health. Hyperlipidemia is a term for high fats in the blood stream involving the components of cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides -- hyper meaning too much and lipid meaning fat. LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, is one aspect of lipid levels that physicians aim to control either through lifestyle or medication. Knowing about the other aspects of hyperlipidemia may help you sort out the information that applies to you and work toward healthy levels.
Total Cholesterol
Cholesterol is needed for the proper function of nerve cells, hormone production, absorption of vitamins and protecting the cells in the body. It is produced naturally in the liver, which supplies all the body needs for healthy function. High cholesterol occurs when you consume a diet high in cholesterol. The amount of cholesterol is expressed in ratio to the amount of blood; cholesterol in mg to blood in deciliters, or mg/dl. Total cholesterol is considered healthy when levels are under 200 mg/dl. Decreasing consumption of red meats, egg yolks and dairy high in fat to help reduce cholesterol levels.
Low-Density Lipoprotein
LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, is a protein that binds with fats in the bloodstream to deliver it throughout the body. This protein, in excess, can lead to the accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of arteries and blood vessels, labeling this lipoprotein as "bad." The accumulation of LDL can cause an inflammatory response within the blood vessels and further block the flow of blood, which, if left untreated, can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Keeping LDL levels low -- "L" for low -- below 129 mg/dl, helps to balance the amount of fats throughout the body.
High-Density Lipoprotein
The other factor in the cholesterol balancing act is HDL, or high-density lipoproteins. The are the good guys who gather LDL and send it back to the liver to be released as waste. HDL levels are best when high -- "H" for high -- above 60 mg/dl is ideal. Increasing HDL will lower LDL by removing it from the bloodstream. Ways to increase HDL include losing weight, exercising, quitting smoking, drinking in moderation and choosing unsaturated fats over saturated, such as olive oil instead of lard, or Omega 3-based margarine over butter. Also, eat more fish, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds which provide more fiber and healthy fats.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are the fats within cholesterol. Calories not burned by the body get stored as fat, in the form of triglycerides. Consuming more calories than you need can lead to high triglyceride levels in the bloodstream. Triglyceride levels are best when low, 10 to 150 mg/dl. Watch your calorie intake and focus on eating more fruits and vegetables.
