A purine is a type of uric acid. For some people, too much uric acid in their blood may worsen symptoms associated with some conditions and, therefore, they must choose a diet that limits foods containing purines. A common condition that recommends the use of a low-purine diet is gout, which is an inflammatory condition and a type of arthritis. Other conditions that may warrant a low-purine diet include kidney stones and organ transplants. Consult with a registered dietitian or physician before starting a new diet.
Meats and Proteins
A major source of purines is meats with organ meats having some of the highest levels. Other proteins high in purines include anchovies, tuna, bacon, haddock with the skin, mussels and codfish. Because of this, some gravies and sauces made from meat are also restricted on a low purine diet. Other meats, poultry, crabs, lobster and shrimp have smaller amounts of purines and you should limit these to no more than 2 servings of about 3 oz. daily if you are on a low-purine diet. Likewise, limit dried beans, peas and legumes to no more than 1 cup cooked each day. On the other hand, eggs, nuts and peanut butter are low in purines and you can eat them without restriction.
Grains, Fruits and Vegetables
Most breads and cereals are low in purine and you can consume them without restriction. Exceptions include oatmeal, wheat bran and wheat germ, which you should limit to no more than 2/3 cup of oatmeal or ¼ cup of dry wheat germ daily. All fruits and most vegetables are safe to eat on a low-purine diet. Some vegetables, such as asparagus, spinach, mushrooms and cauliflower have moderate amounts of purines and you should limit them to a ½ cup serving per day.
Beverages
Other significant sources of purines are beer and alcoholic beverages. If you are on a purine-restricted diet, you should drink little or no alcohol. Other beverages such as water, juice, coffee, tea and sodas are low in purines and generally allowed.
Shopping and Cooking Tips
A helpful tip for people on a purine diet, especially if you are new to it, is to carry a small list of recommended foods in your purse or wallet when you go shopping. This will help serve as a reference when deciding which foods are safe to buy. When cooking or dining out, choosing food preparation techniques low in fat will help reduce potential purines. In addition, avoid foods with heavy sauces and gravies, which may be high in purines.
