Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a condition common in children and adolescents and is characterized by restlessness, impulsiveness, an inability to focus and hyperactivity. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and may include a combination of psychotherapy, medications, behavioral therapy and social skills training. Some dietary supplements, including omega-3 fatty acids, may also help to alleviate symptoms, although conclusive evidence to prove they are effective is limited. Talk to your doctor before taking supplements for ADHD or offering them to a child with this condition.
Properties and Potential Benefits
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids or "good" fats. They may play a role in the prevention and treatment of numerous conditions including asthma, cystic fibrosis, depression and high cholesterol. They may also help to improve cognitive function and the University of Maryland Medical Center says they have been suggested as a treatment for ADHD.
Sources and Dosage
Fatty fish like tuna, mackerel, herring and cod-liver are rich sources of omega-fatty acids. However, omega-3s are commonly obtained by taking a fish oil supplement. Small amounts are also found in linseed and flaxseed oil. MedlinePlus notes that a supplement containing 400 mg of fish oil and 100 mg of evening primrose oil has been used to treat ADHD.
Efficacy
Studies examining the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of depression are limited. However, the results of a study published in the February 2009 issue of "Paediatrics and Child Health" show that omega-3 fatty acids helped ADHD patients to maintain symptom control. Data from another study, published in the September 2010 issue of "Lipids in Health and Disease" also found that omega-3 fatty acids reduce ADHD symptoms, but patients also received omega-6 fatty acids, zinc and magnesium so it is difficult to say if omega-3 fatty acids would have had the same effects if used alone.
Safety Considerations
Taking a fish oil supplement may cause side effects such as nosebleeds, bad breath and loose stools, but MedlinePlus states that taking 3 or less daily is likely safe. Taking more than 3 g daily may not be safe as it may have anticoagulant effects and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. It may also inhibit the absorption of vitamin E. Its use is contraindicated in several conditions including hypertension, depression and diabetes.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: Omega-3
- MedlinePlus: Fish Oil
- "Paediatrics and Child Health"; Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment of Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study; S.A.Belanger, et al.;February 2009
- "Lipids in Health and Disease"; Supplementation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Magnesium and Zinc in Children Seeking Medical Advice for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems - An Observational Cohort Study; M. Huss et al.; September 2010
Member Comments