The National Cancer Institute estimates that in 2009, approximately 192,280 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States. The prostate, which is part of the male reproductive system, is a gland that makes seminal fluid. Radiation therapy is used in treating prostate cancer at any stage of the disease and can also be used to alleviate pain when the cancer is advanced, according to Cancer.gov. There are two methods for delivering radiation: external and internal. New advances in external radiation treatments help concentrate the radiation on the cancerous area.
Bowel and Bladder Problems
Diarrhea may occur as a side effect of external radiation therapy, as well as rectal leakage and blood in the stools. Bowel issues may continue for a short time after radiation has ended, but in most men, these problems go away on their own. Bowel function rarely remains dysfunctional, according to the American Cancer Society. Having to urinate more frequently, experiencing blood in the urine, and having a burning sensation while urinating are all common urinary side effects. The American Cancer Society states that incontinence may be a side effect, but it is more common with prostate cancer surgery. These problems typically subside over time, but according to the American Cancer Society, one out of three men continues to have frequent urination after treatment has ended.
Sexual Side Effects
Impotence may be an effect of prostate cancer radiation, but with radiation, the impotence occurs gradually over time, according to both the American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute. Studies cited by the American Cancer Society have shown that, at five years post-radiation, approximately three out of four men eventually became impotent. These studies are older, and the newer, more concentrated radiation machines and techniques may decrease the number of men experiencing impotence.
Miscellaneous Side Effects
Fatigue is a common side effect of radiation with many cancers, including prostate cancer. This side effect may linger months after treatment ends, as stated by the American Cancer Society. If lymph nodes in the genital area are radiated, a condition called lymphedema can occur. Lymphedema in prostate cancer, a build up of fluids in the genitals or legs, can be very uncomfortable.
