Lycopene, part of a group of substances called antioxidants, may help the body fight against cell damage. Current studies show inconsistent results on lycopene's effects on various diseases, but research is ongoing. Eating lycopene-rich foods, however -- usually vegetables and fruits -- isn't harmful, and such foods are abundant in other beneficial nutrients.
For its function, lycopene is classified as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that fight against free-radical damage in the body. Free radicals are molecules that damage cells, possibly playing a role in cancer, heart disease and other health problems. Lycopene belongs to a class of pigments called carotenoids, which give certain foods their yellow, red or orange color.
Sources
Lycopene is found in significant amounts in tomatoes, apricots, guava, watermelon and pink grapefruit. Tomato products contain the most concentrated amounts of lycopene. In North America, 85 percent of lycopene consumed through diet is from tomato products, according to MedlinePlus. One cup of tomato juice contains 23 mg of lycopene. Consuming cooked tomatoes raises levels of lycopene in the system more than eating raw tomatoes. Lycopene supplements are also available.
Benefits
Cancer, heart disease, macular degeneration, atherosclerosis and high cholesterol are all health conditions in which lycopene may play a beneficial role. Studies cited by the American Cancer Society show inconsistent results for lycopene's effects on cancer, but tomato-rich diets have shown to reduce the risk for development of prostate, lung and stomach cancers in some studies. None of lycopene's effects on disease are scientifically definitive, and further studies are recommended.
Considerations
Lycopene foods are generally nutritious and healthy. Tomatoes are a good source of vitamin C, fiber, potassium and vitamin A. Consuming lycopene-rich foods is generally safe; however, eating extremely large amounts of tomatoes can give the skin an orange color -- a cumulative effect over time. Lycopene supplements may cause nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and indigestion in some people. The American Cancer Society warns that supplements may also interfere with radiation or chemotherapy treatments. Before you decide to take lycopene supplements, talk to your doctor.
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