Over-the-counter antacids and medicines that lower the production of stomach acid work well for occasional heartburn symptoms. But those with gastroesophageal reflux disease experience more frequent episodes, usually requiring a medication that blocks acid production and allows the damaged esophagus time to heal. Prevacid is one such medication, though there are some concerns it might have a negative impact on the liver.
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, occurs when acid from the stomach flows backward through the lower esophageal sphincter and into the esophagus. The acid irritates the lining of the esophagus, causing symptoms that include burning, pain and cough. If left untreated, persistent acid reflux can lead to the formation of esophageal ulcers.
Prevacid
Marketed under the brand name Prevacid, lansoprazole belongs to a drug class known as proton pump inhibitors. These drugs work by blocking proteins that contribute to the production of stomach acid. Prevacid was originally available for purchase only with a prescription from a licensed health care provider. In 2009, however, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a formulation that could be purchased over-the-counter.
Prevacid and Liver Enzymes
Although Prevacid is relatively safe to use, post-marketing data does include reports of liver toxicity and elevated liver enzymes. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are enzymes contained in liver cells. An abnormal elevation of these enzymes in the bloodstream may indicate damage to the liver and the death of hepatic cells. Although rare, the use of Prevacid has resulted in isolated reports of elevations in liver enzymes.
Significance
According to the Prevacid package insert, clinical trials for the drug's approval revealed that 0.4 percent of patients who used Prevacid experienced an elevation in liver enzymes greater than three times the upper normal limit. However, this same incidence of increased liver enzymes also occurred in the placebo group. Although liver toxicity has been reported with the use of Prevacid, the accounts are rare and isolated cases. Additionally, the significance of these reports has yet to be determined. Patients should nevertheless be cautious and speak with their physician about Prevacid's possible effects on the liver.
