Flaxseed oil is an excellent source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA that is lacking in many modern diets. Although the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in fish oil have been shown to decrease the risk of prostate cancer, a high intake of ALA may actually increase the risk of prostate cancer. Research has not yet established a definitive link, but men at risk for prostate cancer should take an omega-3 supplement in the form of fish oil rather than flaxseed oil.
About Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is an uncontrolled overgrowth of cells in the prostate gland, a reproductive gland located in the pelvis behind the penis. Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death from cancer in men, and the leading cause in men older than 75. Signs of prostate cancer include difficulty urinating, blood in the urine or semen and bone pain or tenderness in the pelvis.
Risks for Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer incidence is higher in men of African descent, older than 60 or those with a family history of prostate cancer. Men are at higher risk if they abuse alcohol, eat a diet high in fat or have been exposed to certain chemicals including cadmium, agent orange and chemicals in the farm and tire industry.
Flaxseed Oil and Prostate Cancer
Men who eat a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have a lower risk of prostate cancer. However, some studies have shown a high intake of alpha-lipoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid and a major component of flaxseed oil, may increase risk. Further research is needed to confirm a link between ALA and prostate cancer and determine the mechanism.
For certain purposes your body must first convert ALA into the omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA, also found in fish oil. Older men are particularly inefficient or unable to convert ALA to EPA and DHA. Intake of only ALA in older men may lead to imbalances in your body.
Alternative Omega-3 Supplements
Men, especially those exhibiting risk factors for prostate cancer, should choose an omega-3 supplement such as fish oil that contains the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA rather than ALA. Although it is not necessary to avoid ALA in your diet, it should not be supplemented in large amounts. Extracts of omega-3 fatty acids from krill or algae may provide alternatives to those who wish to avoid fish oil.
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