A blood sugar level is the amount of glucose in the body at a specific time. This level fluctuates constantly, especially after meals and exercise. Although we do not want to think about our children having issues with these levels, it does happen. Understanding what is considered a healthy level will benefit both children already diagnosed with diabetes, as well as those who do not have any issues.
Understanding Blood Sugar
When we consume food, the body begins to break it down and processes the sugars it contains. This sugar, also known as glucose, is used for energy. With the help of insulin, which is produced by the pancreas, the amount of glucose in the body is kept at a healthy level. If a child has type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough, or sometimes any, insulin. If he has type 2 diabetes, the cells don't properly use insulin, causing the glucose to build up in the blood. When the body does not manage glucose, blood sugar levels can skyrocket. Children with type 1 diabetes must manage their conditions by taking insulin. They must also keep a close eye on their diets and refrain from eating foods high in carbohydrates and sugar. Children with type 2 diabetes use diet, exercise, and medicines to improve the body's response to insulin to control their blood sugar levels.
Normal Levels
The National Institutes of Health suggests that a child's blood glucose level should be 100 mg/dL while participating in a fasting glucose test. During normal conditions, the blood glucose level should be between 70 and 130 mg/dL before a meal and never reach more than 180 mg/dL directly after a meal.
When to Worry
Parents do not usually begin testing their child's glucose level until the child starts experiencing symptoms. In fact, that is why diabetes and high blood sugar levels often go undetected until severe symptoms begin to appear. Symptoms of high blood sugar levels include increased hunger and thirst, constant need to urinate, urine that has a strong, sweet smell and sudden weight loss. Symptoms of low blood sugar include shaking, dizziness and confusion. Increased production of insulin or taking too much insulin medication can cause low blood sugar levels.
Considerations
If you believe that your child may be experiencing abnormal blood sugar levels, consult a physician. He will conduct a glucose test by either requiring your child to refrain from consuming anything by mouth for a certain period of time, or having your child drink a sugary drink and then testing after an hour or two.
