Omega-3 fatty acids are the most commonly used supplement in the United States that is not a mineral or vitamin, notes the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in flaxseed oil and fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel and herring. Omega-3 fatty acids are also present in fish oil.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Identification
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential amino acids, which means that the human body lacks the enzymes needed to make these fats. These polyunsaturated fats are needed for the nervous system to function properly, the University of Maryland Medical Center reports, and are particularly important for memory and cognitive performance. These fats also regulate growth and development and affect the immune system, with omega-3 fatty acids having an overall anti-inflammatory effect on the human body.
Fish Oil and Cardiovascular Disease
Fish oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, is commonly used to help people lower their risk of cardiovascular disease. These polyunsaturated fats can interfere with the sticking together of platelets, lowering your risk of developing blood clots that could lead to a stroke or heart attack. Fish oil can also decrease your blood pressure and lower blood triglyceride levels. Overall, fish oil consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing severe cardiovascular disease.
Other Uses
Because of the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain, fish oil supplements are often recommended for people suffering from psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactive disorder and bipolar disorder. The anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil also makes it useful for conditions that are caused by aberrant inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Fish oil has also been studied as a remedy for osteoporosis, diabetes and macular degeneration.
Risks
Most people can consume fish oil or other omega-3 supplements with no ill effects. Fish oil can leave behind a fishy aftertaste and may also cause an upset stomach or heartburn in some people. Because omega-3 fatty acids interfere with blood clotting, do not take more than the dose recommended on the supplement's packaging, as it can lead to easy bleeding and bruising. Talk to your doctor before taking fish oil if you are taking warfarin, aspirin or other medications that thin the blood.
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