Sometimes, it can be hard to interpret the test results you get from the doctor's office. For instance, if you've recently gotten the results of a cholesterol test, you'll notice four separate numbers for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Knowing what these numbers mean can help you interpret the results of your test.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a very important biomolecule that, despite its bad reputation, you actually need in the body to maintain normal function. In her book "Human Physiology," Dr. Lauralee Sherwood explains that the body uses cholesterol to make the steroid hormones and vitamin D. Cholesterol also helps you maintain the integrity of the cell membranes. However, while you benefit from some cholesterol in the body, it's important for your heart health not to have too much of the unhealthy kind.
Your Cholesterol Levels
Your total cholesterol is the sum of three separate numbers: HDL, LDL, and one-third of triglycerides. HDL is sometimes called "good cholesterol." It stands for high density lipoprotein and is a kind of cholesterol transporter that carries cholesterol to the liver for elimination. LDL stands for low density lipoprotein. It's sometimes called "bad cholesterol" because it carries cholesterol to the body cells from the liver. Triglycerides are free fats. Ideally, you want low levels of LDL and triglycerides, but high HDL.
What The Numbers Mean
According to the American Heart Association, you should have an LDL lower than 100mg/dL. For instance, if you have an LDL of 86mg/dL, that's low, and indicates reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and hardening of the arteries. Your HDL, on the other hand, should be high. If your HDL is above 60mg/dL, that's considered cardioprotective, meaning it benefits the heart. For instance, an HDL of 90 mg/dL is very high and thus very good.
Considerations
Your HDL and LDL levels don't tell you the entire story with regard to your cardiovascular health; there's a third number you need to take into account. Your triglycerides, or free fats, should be less than 150mg/dL. By adding one-third of that number to the sum of your HDL and LDL, you get your total cholesterol. The American Heart Association recommends a total cholesterol level of below 200mg/dL for optimal cardiovascular health.
References
- "Human Physiology"; Lauralee Sherwood, Ph.D.; 2004
- American Heart Association: Cholesterol
