Glaucoma is an eye condition that can lead to loss of sight or blindness. The front chamber of your eye contains a clear fluid called aqueous humor. The fluid continuously enters and drains into this front chamber, and if the fluid does not drain properly, you may have an increase in eye pressure. High pressure damages the optic nerve, resulting in gradual vision changes. Foods do not play a large role in glaucoma, but some nutrients may offer benefits.
Omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids may improve the drainage of the aqueous fluid, say Gina White and Dr. Gary Heiting of All About Vision. If the fluid drains properly, this could help reduce eye pressure. Foods that contain this nutrient include fatty fish such as salmon, sardines and mackerel. You can also consume ground flaxseed, walnuts and soybeans to increase your dietary intake of omega-3. This nutrient may increase your risk for bleeding, particularly if you have a blood condition or if you take blood thinning medication, so talk with your doctor before you increase your intake of omega-3.
Other Nutrients
Aside from omega-3 fatty acids, other nutrients may not have any direct effect on eye pressure. However, a healthful diet rich in a variety of vitamins and minerals will help maintain healthy eyes. Beneficial eye nutrients include vitamins A, C and E, as well as zinc, copper and selenium. Food sources of these nutrients include fruits and vegetables such as spinach, oranges, carrots and tomatoes. Additional foods with these and other nutrients include oysters, milk and eggs, as well as Brazil nuts, rice and walnuts. Your doctor can work with you to determine a dietary plan that focuses on all your nutritional needs.
Caffeine and Liquid Concerns
Liquids do not have a known benefit in helping glaucoma. However, if you consume large quantities of caffeine in a short period of time, this could increase your eye pressure. To prevent pressure spikes, your doctor may recommend limiting caffeine intake.
As well, drinking a significant amount of water may also result in an increase in eye pressure, and your doctor may recommend that you drink small amounts of liquid throughout the day instead of consuming a large quantity at once.
Considerations
Most foods will not have a direct effect on your eye condition, but your doctor can help you formulate a plan that will provide you with the necessary nutrients to promote healthy eyes. Even with a healthful diet you will still need to take medications prescribed to lower intraocular pressure. The benefits of omega-3 foods may not reduce the pressure enough to have a therapeutic effect, but if your doctor notes that you have a pressure decrease, she can then consider eliminating one or more medications from your treatment plan.
References
- National Eye Institute: Facts About Glaucoma
- Glaucoma Research Foundation: Alternative Medicine
- All About Vision: Eye Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- American Optometric Association: Diet & Nutrition
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health: Selenium
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