Pacemakers save many lives, but they do have their limitations. Medical experts advise people with pacemakers to avoid contact sports and certain exercises to keep the pacemaker functioning properly. Swimmers may wonder if that restriction also applies to their aquatic activities. Those with a new pacemaker should use caution during the first three months, but after the recovery period has ended, most types of swimming should be fine.
Post-Surgical Restrictions
New pacemaker recipients should avoid movements that stress the surgical site for at least 8 weeks, according to the University of Wisconsin. These restricted movements include any activity that requires stretching the affected area---raising the elbows above the shoulders, or reaching over the head or to the side. Lifting more than 5 pounds is prohibited for the first two months. This restriction may make getting in and out of a pool difficult.
First 3 Months
Activities that strain the area where the pacemaker is implanted, usually in the chest between the collarbone and the first rib, are not allowed for the first 90 days. Avoiding overhead movements during the three months after implantation means activities like golfing, basketball and swimming are prohibited. This type of movement can damage the wiring that leads from the pacemaker to the heart. After this initial period has ended, only the most extreme swim stroke, e.g., the butterfly stroke, is not recommended.
Pacemaker Type
Most pacemakers are very small, about the size of a quarter. After the first three months of restricted activity, these devices are not impaired by most swimming movements. Pacemakers generally last between two and 10 years before needing replacement. The life of a pacemaker depends on why it is needed and the pacemaker patient's level of activity. Active swimmers may need their pacemakers programmed to respond to strenuous exercise or may require replacement more often than a sedentary person.
Swim Strokes
Pacemaker patients should be cautious when executing swim strokes that require over-extension of the arm and shoulder, according to CardiacAthletes.org. A butterfly stroke involves flinging the arms forcefully up and over the head while in a prone position. This motion could potentially cause the first rib and collarbone to crush the pacemaker wiring that leads to the heart, an action called the "clavicular pinch." Damage to this wiring can cause the pacemaker to malfunction.
General Health
A pacemaker may not put limitations on swimming, but your overall health might. Always discuss your activity level with your physician to make sure swimming is an acceptable activity for your underlying condition and general state of health.
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